Kyphosis is a spinal disorder characterized by an abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine, commonly known as “hunchback.” It typically occurs in the thoracic (chest) region and is characterized by a forward-slanting shoulders. Kyphosis can cause both aesthetic and physical complaints.

The most common cause of kyphosis is postural kyphosis, resulting from poor posture. This type of kyphosis can be corrected with regular exercise and orthopedic rehabilitation. Scheuermann’s kyphosis also occurs due to a deformity of the vertebrae and is particularly common during adolescence. Other causes of kyphosis include osteoporosis, spinal fractures, disc degeneration, aging, congenital spinal anomalies, and neuromuscular diseases.

Symptoms of kyphosis include back pain, spinal curvature, muscle tension, poor posture, and fatigue. In severe cases, the curve can progress and affect lung and heart function. Diagnosis is made through a physical examination and imaging methods such as X-rays, which determine the angle of the curve.

Kyphosis treatment is planned according to the degree of the curve. Mild postural kyphosis can be controlled with orthopedic rehabilitation and exercises to improve posture. In moderate cases, especially Scheuermann’s kyphosis, bracing may be applied. Severe and rapidly progressing kyphosis may require surgical intervention. During surgery, the spine is aligned and stabilized with metal rods and screws. Postoperative orthopedic rehabilitation is important.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can halt the progression of kyphosis and improve the patient’s quality of life. If posture deterioration or a curvature in the back is noticed, a specialist evaluation is essential.