An Achilles tendon rupture is a complete or partial rupture of the Achilles tendon, which is located at the back of the heel and connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. This tendon enables ankle movement during daily activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Ruptures usually occur due to sudden movements, rapid changes of direction, or repetitive stress.

Causes of an Achilles tendon rupture include sports injuries, sudden jumping or stopping movements, intense exercise, irregular training habits, excessive weight, inadequate warm-up, aging, and chronic tendonitis.

Symptoms include sudden and severe pain in the heel and calf area, swelling, bruising, difficulty walking or standing, limited ankle movement, and a popping sound heard during the rupture. In complete ruptures, difficulty lifting the toes and a feeling of emptiness in the heel may occur.

Diagnosis is made by a doctor using a physical examination, medical history, and ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This allows for a clearer determination of the size and location of the tendon tear.

Treatment varies depending on the severity of the tear and the patient’s lifestyle. Surgery may be considered for partial tears or for active athletes. Post-operative orthopedic rehabilitation strengthens the tendon and restores normal range of motion. Conservative treatment is preferred for complete tears or for patients who are not candidates for surgery. These methods include rest, ice application, an ankle brace or cast, and an orthopedic rehabilitation program.

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, complications of an Achilles tendon rupture can be reduced and patients’ quality of life improved. It is important to consult a specialist if symptoms such as heel pain or limited movement are noticed.