Knee arthritis, medically known as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage in the knee joint wears and breaks down over time. Joint cartilage allows bones to move without rubbing against each other. When the cartilage thins or disappears completely, the bones come into contact, causing pain, swelling, and limited movement in the knee.

The main causes of knee arthritis include aging, excess weight, joint injuries, genetic predisposition, and repetitive joint stress. Cartilage naturally wears down with age. Excess weight places extra stress on the knee joint, accelerating the process. Sports injuries or trauma can also weaken the knee joint. Genetic factors make the development of osteoarthritis more likely in some individuals.

Symptoms of knee arthritis include knee pain, stiffness, swelling, a catching or popping sensation in the joint, and limited movement. The pain usually increases with movement and decreases with rest; in advanced stages, it may persist even during rest.

Knee arthritis is diagnosed through a physical examination, patient history, and imaging methods such as X-rays. X-rays support the diagnosis by showing joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and cartilage loss.

Treatment methods are determined by the severity of the disease. Lifestyle changes include weight control, low-impact exercises, and avoiding activities that strain the knee joint. Medication is aimed at reducing pain and inflammation. Orthopedic rehabilitation helps support the joint by strengthening the muscles and improving mobility. In advanced cases, surgical treatments such as knee replacement surgery may be considered.

Knee arthritis diagnosed early can be managed with appropriate treatment approaches, significantly improving the patient’s quality of life. It is crucial to consult a specialist when knee pain and other symptoms occur.