Spondylolisthesis (lumbar spondylolisthesis) is a condition in which one vertebra in the spine slips forward or backward on the vertebra below. This slippage can put pressure on nerves, causing pain, numbness, and limited movement in the lower back and legs.

The most common causes include congenital spinal structural problems, age-related degeneration, trauma, repetitive strain, and genetic predisposition.

Symptoms include back pain, tingling in the legs, weakness, and increased discomfort while walking. Diagnosis is made through examination, X-ray, MRI, or CT scans.

Treatment includes rest, medication, and orthopedic rehabilitation to strengthen the muscles surrounding the spine. In more advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the spine.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help control symptoms and improve quality of life.